Lesson 4: Using Operators

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Operators are important in writing Excel VBA program code. They are used to calculate values, perform certain operations, make comparisons and more. The operators can be divided into three main categories:

Arithmetic
Comparison
Logical

4.1 Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations in Excel VBA.

Table 4.1 Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Mathematical function	Example
^	Exponential	MsgBox 2^4 gives a value of 16
*	Multiplication	MsgBox 4*3 gives a value of 12,
/	Division	MsgBox 12/4 gives a value of 3
Mod	Modulus (returns the remainder from an integer division)	MsgBox 15 Mod 4 gives value of 3
\	Integer Division(discards the decimal places)	MsgBox 19\4 gives a value of 4
+ or &	String concatenation	MsgBox "Excel"&"VBA 2010" or "Excel"+"VBA 2010" produces a new string "Excel VBA 2010"

MsgBox is a built-in function of excel VBA that displays a message. We shall learn more about functions in next lesson. Note that MsgBox 1+"VBA" will produce a type mismatch error whereas MsgBox 1&"VBA" will not result in an error, it gives a concatenated string 1VBA. We shall engage the usage of arithmetic operators in Excel VBA code writing in future lessons.

4.2 Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are often used in writing code that require decisions making. For example,

If mark>50 then
MsgBox "Pass"
Else
MsgBox "Fail"
Endif

We shall learn more about writing decision making code in future lessons.

comparison operators are shown in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Comparison Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
<	Less than	MsgBox 2<3 returns true while MsgBox 4>5 returns false
<=	Less than or equal to	MsgBox 3<=4 returns true
>	Greater than	MsgBox 5>4 returns true
>=	Greater than or equal to	MsgBox 10>=9 returns true
=	Equal to	MsgBox 10=10 returns true
<>	Not Equal to	MsgBox 9<>10 returns true

* For letters, the hierarchy is A>B>C>..........>Z Therefore MsgBox A>B returns true

4.3 Logical Operators

Logical operators are also used in writing decision making codes by comparing values or expressions.

Table 4.3 Logical Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
And	Logical Conjunction	If A>=80 And B<101 thenGrade="A"
Or	Logical Disjunction	If income>5000 or car>2 thenStatus="Rich"
Not	Logical negation	MsgBox Not (3 > 4)returns true
Xor	Similar to Or, except that it returns False if both camparison values are true	MsgBox 4 > 3 Xor 5 >2 returns false

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